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<i class="fas fa-fw fa-folder me-1"></i>Web</a><a href=/tags/apache/ class="btn btn-sm btn-secondary mb-1 me-2 py-0 pe-1 post-taxonomy post-taxonomy-sm post-tag">Apache</a><a href=/tags/howtos/ class="btn btn-sm btn-secondary mb-1 me-2 py-0 pe-1 post-taxonomy post-taxonomy-sm post-tag">Howtos</a><a href=/tags/letsencrypt/ class="btn btn-sm btn-secondary mb-1 me-2 py-0 pe-1 post-taxonomy post-taxonomy-sm post-tag">Letsencrypt</a><a href=/tags/linux/ class="btn btn-sm btn-secondary mb-1 me-2 py-0 pe-1 post-taxonomy post-taxonomy-sm post-tag">Linux</a><a href=/tags/open-source/ class="btn btn-sm btn-secondary mb-1 me-2 py-0 pe-1 post-taxonomy post-taxonomy-sm post-tag">Open Source</a><a href=/tags/script/ class="btn btn-sm btn-secondary mb-1 me-2 py-0 pe-1 post-taxonomy post-taxonomy-sm post-tag">Script</a><a href=/tags/server/ class="btn btn-sm btn-secondary mb-1 me-2 py-0 pe-1 post-taxonomy post-taxonomy-sm post-tag">Server</a><a href=/tags/shell/ class="btn btn-sm btn-secondary mb-1 me-2 py-0 pe-1 post-taxonomy post-taxonomy-sm post-tag">Shell</a><a href=/tags/ssl/ class="btn btn-sm btn-secondary mb-1 me-2 py-0 pe-1 post-taxonomy post-taxonomy-sm post-tag">SSL</a><a href=/tags/tls/ class="btn btn-sm btn-secondary mb-1 me-2 py-0 pe-1 post-taxonomy post-taxonomy-sm post-tag">TLS</a><a href=/tags/zertifikate/ class="btn btn-sm btn-secondary mb-1 me-2 py-0 pe-1 post-taxonomy post-taxonomy-sm post-tag">Zertifikate</a></div><picture class="d-flex justify-content-center"><img class="post-featured-img h-auto w-auto mb-3" alt="acme.sh – Shellscript für LetsEncrypt TLS-Zertifikate" src=https://natenom.de/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/secure-card.png></picture><div id=postTOC class=toc-details><details open><summary>Inhaltsverzeichnis</summary><nav id=TableOfContents><ul><li><a href=#installation>Installation</a></li><li><a href=#neues-zertifikate-beantragen>Neue(s) Zertifikat(e) beantragen</a></li><li><a href=#zertifikate-erneuern>Zertifikat(e) erneuern</a></li><li><a href=#ohne-root-rechte-fast>Ohne root-Rechte, fast</a></li><li><a href=#cronsystemd-timer>Cron/Systemd timer</a></li><li><a href=#hilfe>Hilfe</a></li></ul></nav></details></div><div class="post-content mb-3" data-bs-spy=scroll data-bs-target=#TableOfContents tabindex=0><div id=post-summary><p>TLS-Zertifikate von <a class=urlextern href=https://letsencrypt.org/>LetsEncrypt</a> nutze ich seit der <a href=/2015/11/https-for-natenoms-websites-thanks-letsencrypt-d/>„Closed Beta“</a> (2015). Von Anfang an hatte ich dafür das damals promotete Python-Script <a class=urlextern href=https://github.com/certbot/certbot>Certbot</a> benutzt.</p></div><div id=post-content-body><p>Das ist aber nicht unbedingt schön, da es viele Abhängigkeiten nachinstalliert und sich eine eigene Python-Umgebung zurecht bastelt.</p><p>Daher steht seit längerem auf meiner Todo-Liste, ein möglichst einfaches Shell-Script für die Nutzung der LetsEncrypt-Zertifikate zu verwenden. Heute habe ich das auf einem meiner Server eingerichtet und es soll hier dokumentiert werden.</p><p>Verwendet habe ich das Shell-Script <a class=urlextern href=https://github.com/Neilpang/acme.sh>acme.sh</a>.</p><p>Dies ist kein Howto, wie man LetsEncrypt nutzt; ich gehe davon aus, dass man Webserver usw. bereits darauf eingerichtet hat. Hier geht es nur darum, wie man acme.sh installiert und verwendet.</p><h2 id=installation data-numberify>Installation<a class="anchor ms-1" href=#installation></a></h2><p>Alle Befehle werden als root ausgeführt.</p><pre><code>apt-get install socat git
git clone https://github.com/Neilpang/acme.sh.git
cd acme.sh
./acme.sh --install \
--home /root/.acme.sh \
--certhome /etc/acme/certs \
--accountemail &quot;mail@bladomain.tld&quot; \
--nocron
</code></pre><p>Auf die angegebene E-Mail-Adresse erhält man vor Ablauf eines Zertifikats entsprechende Erinnerungen.</p><p>Jetzt kann man das Verzeichnis <code>acme.sh</code> löschen. Das installierte Script hat selbst einen Update-Mechanismus.</p><p>Ausloggen und wieder einloggen, damit das Alias nutzbar wird.</p><h2 id=neues-zertifikate-beantragen data-numberify>Neue(s) Zertifikat(e) beantragen<a class="anchor ms-1" href=#neues-zertifikate-beantragen></a></h2><p>Wieder alles als root ausführen.</p><p>Man muss den Webserver beenden, damit der entsprechende Port vom Standalone-Server (socat) genutzt werden kann.</p><pre><code>systemctl stop apache2
acme.sh --tls --issue -d mumble.natenom.com -d m.natenom.com
</code></pre><p>Die Ausgabe sieht so aus:</p><pre><code>[Fri Nov 10 03:56:59 CET 2017] Standalone tls mode.
[...]
[Fri Nov 10 03:57:00 CET 2017] Registering account
[Fri Nov 10 03:57:02 CET 2017] Registered
[Fri Nov 10 03:57:03 CET 2017] Update account tos info success.
[Fri Nov 10 03:57:03 CET 2017] ACCOUNT_THUMBPRINT='xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx'
[Fri Nov 10 03:57:03 CET 2017] Creating domain key
[Fri Nov 10 03:57:04 CET 2017] The domain key is here: /etc/acme/certs/mumble.natenom.com/mumble.natenom.com.key
[Fri Nov 10 03:57:04 CET 2017] Multi domain='DNS:mumble.natenom.com,DNS:m.natenom.com'
[Fri Nov 10 03:57:04 CET 2017] Getting domain auth token for each domain
[Fri Nov 10 03:57:04 CET 2017] Getting webroot for domain='mumble.natenom.com'
[Fri Nov 10 03:57:04 CET 2017] Getting new-authz for domain='mumble.natenom.com'
[Fri Nov 10 03:57:05 CET 2017] The new-authz request is ok.
[...]
[Fri Nov 10 03:57:11 CET 2017] Verifying:mumble.natenom.com
[Fri Nov 10 03:57:11 CET 2017] Starting tls server.
[Fri Nov 10 03:57:11 CET 2017] Multi domain='DNS:xxxxxxxxxxxx.acme.invalid'
[Fri Nov 10 03:57:16 CET 2017] Success
/root/.acme.sh/acme.sh: line 3589: 20206 Terminated $__S_OPENSSL &amp;gt; /dev/null 2&amp;gt;&amp;1
[...]
[Fri Nov 10 03:57:48 CET 2017] Verify finished, start to sign.
[Fri Nov 10 03:57:49 CET 2017] Cert success.
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
[...]
-----END CERTIFICATE-----
[Fri Nov 10 03:57:49 CET 2017] Your cert is in /etc/acme/certs/mumble.natenom.com/mumble.natenom.com.cer
[Fri Nov 10 03:57:49 CET 2017] Your cert key is in /etc/acme/certs/mumble.natenom.com/mumble.natenom.com.key
[Fri Nov 10 03:57:49 CET 2017] The intermediate CA cert is in /etc/acme/certs/mumble.natenom.com/ca.cer
[Fri Nov 10 03:57:50 CET 2017] And the full chain certs is there: /etc/acme/certs/mumble.natenom.com/fullchain.cer
systemctl start apache2
</code></pre><p>Die Zertifikat relevanten Dateien sind danach im Verzeichnis <code>/etc/acme/certs</code> zu finden und in den entsprechenden Konfigurationsdateien z. B. des Webservers kann darauf verwiesen werden.</p><h2 id=zertifikate-erneuern data-numberify>Zertifikat(e) erneuern<a class="anchor ms-1" href=#zertifikate-erneuern></a></h2><p>Eine Liste aller Zertifikate erhält man mit:</p><pre><code>acme.sh --list
</code></pre><p>Und erneuern kann man mit:</p><pre><code>systemctl stop apache2
acme.sh --tls --renew-all

# Oder nur bestimmte Certs erneuern
# acme.sh --tls --renew -d mumble.natenom.com -d m.natenom.com

systemctl start apache2
</code></pre><h2 id=ohne-root-rechte-fast data-numberify>Ohne root-Rechte, fast<a class="anchor ms-1" href=#ohne-root-rechte-fast></a></h2><p>Mit etwas mehr Aufwand kann man das ganze auch noch ohne root-Rechte nutzen, zumindest alles bis auf den Standalone-Server. Denn nur root darf auf Ports ≤1023 lauschen.</p><p>Damit werde ich mich vielleicht später noch beschäftigen; insgesamt ist acme.sh aber auch mit root-Rechten wesentlich schöner als das alte Python-Script.</p><h2 id=cronsystemd-timer data-numberify>Cron/Systemd timer<a class="anchor ms-1" href=#cronsystemd-timer></a></h2><ul><li>Cron, <a class=urlextern href=https://github.com/Neilpang/acme.sh>siehe hier</a> (nach cron suchen).</li><li>Systemd timer, <a class=urlextern href=https://github.com/Neilpang/acme.sh/wiki/Using-systemd-units-instead-of-cron>siehe hier</a>.</li></ul><h2 id=hilfe data-numberify>Hilfe<a class="anchor ms-1" href=#hilfe></a></h2><p>Für alles weitere siehe:</p><pre><code>acme.sh --help
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