diff --git a/app/models/paper.rb b/app/models/paper.rb
index 0cbf551..2d94c38 100644
--- a/app/models/paper.rb
+++ b/app/models/paper.rb
@@ -5,8 +5,7 @@ class Paper < ActiveRecord::Base
   include Elasticsearch::Model
   include Elasticsearch::Model::Callbacks
 
-  validates_presence_of :body, :content, :name, :originator, :paper_type, :reference, :url
-  validates_presence_of :published_at, allow_nil: true
+  validates_presence_of :body, :content, :name , :originator, :paper_type, :reference, :url, :published_at
   validates :url, uniqueness: true
 
   settings index: { number_of_shards: 1 } do
@@ -17,7 +16,7 @@ class Paper < ActiveRecord::Base
       indexes :paper_type, type: :string, index: :not_analyzed
       indexes :originator, type: :string, index: :not_analyzed
     end
-  end  
+  end
 
   def split_originator
     originator.split(/\d\.\s/).reject {|s| s.blank?} || originator
diff --git a/test/models/paper_test.rb b/test/models/paper_test.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8354fbe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/models/paper_test.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+require 'test_helper'
+
+class PaperTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
+
+  context "Validations" do
+    should validate_presence_of(:body)
+    should validate_presence_of(:content)
+    should validate_presence_of(:name)
+    should validate_presence_of(:originator)
+    should validate_presence_of(:paper_type)
+    should validate_presence_of(:reference)
+    should validate_presence_of(:url)
+    should validate_presence_of(:published_at)
+  end
+
+end
diff --git a/test/test_helper.rb b/test/test_helper.rb
index 1b94761..8a6e923 100644
--- a/test/test_helper.rb
+++ b/test/test_helper.rb
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ require 'capybara/rails'
 
 class ActiveSupport::TestCase
   # Setup all fixtures in test/fixtures/*.yml for all tests in alphabetical order.
-  fixtures :all
+  # fixtures :all
 
   # Add more helper methods to be used by all tests here...
 end